Image Formation in Physics

Every image in this topic is found the same way, by tracing a few well-chosen rays and then checking the answer against one equation. A mirror and a thin lens obey exactly the same relation between object distance, image distance and focal length, which is why the two topics read almost identically. What changes is the sign, since a curved mirror can turn a parallel beam back on itself while a refracting surface bends it onward through glass. Get the conventions for those signs right and the rest is arithmetic. The blocks give the mirror and lens equations with their magnifications, the maker's equation that turns the shape of a lens into its focal length, refraction at a single curved surface, and the instruments the course asks for, the camera, the eye, the magnifier, the microscope and the telescope.